I left at day 44 or 45 and the ones I ate counted and claimed my flame box. With Kanna ring you can just do princess no preq but have to do gollux on other characters to keep it safe. I've edited my comment to make it clearer Master Craftsman and Meister items have a longer cooldown which varies across items, so you have to craft a variety of items to gain more mastery simultaneously. Thank you all, I think this is good enough for me and I will keep it. Meister Cube: Rare drop from Bosses and Mining/Harvesting. 4. How to Maintain Meister: (WIP) As a Meister, you are able to craft any item that you want so long as it does not require a recipe. roscochicken90 • 10 mo. Ideally your Kanna ring survives to get above 20 since you can always get more solid rings now. It costs 70 Yu garden coins and if you’re lucky it’ll show up in the shop, but it also might not since the shop contents are random. We urgently reviewed the decision to remove Cubes from bosses. I will use ror4 as a 4th ring or the upcoming slime boss ring. CryptoI'm working toward crafting Meister Shoulders, Meister Earrings, and a Meister Ring, but don't know where to begin. Visitors can come and take (steal) them once they're done, according to the website. Master Craftsman decays by 300/hour after not crafting anything for 48 hours. Alternatively, you can get SOME cash shop items from the reward store but unless you're super lucky, it could take you months to get 1. However, we have the right to be upset when they plan an. 1. : r/Maplestory. . You want to keep/sell Hyssops&Juniper Berry Seeds & Black Crystals&Dark Crystals&Luks. I had my meister ring bomb twice on two separate occasions just trying for the modest result of 18* within 15 clicks. - Most straight forward imo, just craft the arrows for smithing lvl 10 and then shoes (w/e is cheapest) and cubes to meister. Meister accessory crafting's active buff isn't worth the grand spell essences to use but the meister rings makes it worth getting whenever you have stockpiled materials. Bonus Stat Generation Issue. Currently leveling alchemy from level 10 to craftsman by making 7k HP and MP pots but it's requiring a LOT of Juniper flower/seeds. [Monster Collection] Monster Collector. Add a Comment. . Additionally, I did a bit of a comparison of solid/cracked vs the Meister Immortal/Eternal set. I can. Occults are somewhere around 1% tier up chance rare to epic. Here’s a checklist that I use as a new player to keep myself organized with Maple’s long list of daily and weekly tasks. Not cost effective because the advanced pot uses 25 of the basic pots compared to the pills which only use 5. 2. There’s no one definitive meister ring crafting guide, but there are a few key tips to keep in mind when crafting your own meister ring. Share. 201) - Read online for free. For Reboot, it's mainly for the Meister Accessories and Meister Potions. en Change Language. e: Scarlet ring only counts towards sets that have a ring piece listed in it) Additionally, going for 3 set set RA (hat, top, bot) and 5 set abso (wep, cape, gloves, shoulder, boots) gives slightly better. • 13 days ago. Once you reach Crimsonwood Keep, challenge the new and improved Twisted Masters. Required Materials KMS Maple Vision Talk 2023 Update Summary. Keep in mind once you’re at Craftsman, crafting the same item has a 15 minute cooldown so it’ll take some time “1. Kanna ring is interchangable with Solid ring - your goal is to blow one of them up and keep the other since past 17 stars, there's no safeguarding. Meaning 1 batch of basic potions makes 1. Players who have learned Herbalism and wish to pursue Alchemy can talk to Ally in Ardentmill to become a Alchemist. Dark Crystals x70. Any of the rings that give you mastery should be good. I have had spells of 100+ meisters without unique to legendary, including the goblin event on my main where none of the 100 cubes tiered up my unique ring, at first I thought the rate was 10-20 cubes to reach legendary. The most important thing to keep in mind when training your profession is your fatigue. Meister starts decaying after ~17 hrs. If you do the silent crusade questline for a bit and farm some coins you can get a pendant, earrings and face and eye acc. After all I don't intend to do anything crazy like soloing HLucid or anything. I would just save your confusion fragments for now, we never know when/how the meta will change again, and it is better to keep those rare drops. Generally used to reroll Legendary equipment in hopes of a better Potential. 1. And can confirm. Everyday I have to make about 2-3 potions to maintain my effect so it probably decays about 1000-1200 mastery exp every 18-24 hours. This latest Lach bug is classic Nexon 101. Range means next to nothing in this game due to how classes work. Begin Maple Achievements. The Vengeful/Cosmos ring will be replaced by the Chaos Ring when the Ark patch comes out. Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home. 2. Does anyone have a spreadsheet or a guide on the materials needed for level 10 to meister accessory crafting? I'm on reboot so I can't just keep buying materials and the decay is kind of screwing me over. Even if you do get the helm, I still think it's better to go with 4p reinforced and 3p Meister for a couple of reasons. So clicking herb person 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc keeps it. You'll eventually replace meister ring with black gate, meister earrings with sup gollux, and sup gollux belt with tyrant belt. Since you will have about a 120~ flame stat on the transposed earring, this will give the biggest upgrade comparing 17* to 17*. This method should keep your mastery healthy for a super long time. Veritas/Pantheon/Shanghai portal to Market in Kritias. The Reddit community for MapleStory. The only difference is that you guys can trade, so you can buy materials. Lower level equips are also cheaper to recube in terms of reveal costs. Are there any alternatives?The thing is, when you switch to arcane, you switch the entire set, not just the shoulderpad. 10. Returning Mapler Guide. orangemushroom. You only craft emerstones to get more mastery points on accessory crafting essentially. It hasn't even been a month since the last Maple Memo saying they will do better in this department and clearly, nothing has changed. Overall my personal recommendation for professions is Smithing + mining. Step 1: maplestory is grind. Whether you prime or gollux scroll (just for gollux), the Immortal/Eternal rings come out on top. When the worst one gets 18 move onto the next worst and attempt 18. You could make rings all the way to lv10 or even mastercraftsmen if you have enough black/dark crystals to spare. Can't be crafted in Reboot. The big one they mentioned were the meister rings, which used to be one of the best rings a few years ago, so it was worth grinding it out for that when you were near endgame. The Reddit community for MapleStory. Level 10. Let me know if I’m missing anything! Start harvesting every vein you see, mainly for the goodie items like Juniper Berry Seed Oil or Primal Essence, but also for materials to get from level 0 to meister. professions window -> 'my professions' tab -> uncheck box next to 'smithing <meister>'. r/Maplestory. ago. You could invest in drop gear, I get 1 to 2 a week from normal Ark. Idk if it has changed but last I played meister ring was still worth crafting. The Fever Gauge fills up as you send the invitations. If you're going to craft then hold on to them, otherwise sell them. 1. Friend login notification will be added to Settings’ Options > Social > Party & Community settings. So basically about 1 cube per boss on +320% Drop with a quarter of them being Meister, or 1 per 2 bosses on +190% %Drop. If you wanna have some fun with it, Meister Weapons from Smithing can be a nice flex piece to anvil, same goes with all the Angelic Blessing Rings. Calculated different equip sets last month for Reboot, and the equip progression guide after 25 stars. 113K subscribers in the Maplestory community. MP. Fixed issue where the equipped display didn't appear when Bowman jobs that learned Soul Arrow has Arrow for Bow in the inventory. Step 2: Fill in your equipment setup. See more posts like this in r/Maplestory. Explore this event with a new story, a unique boss, and limited rewards! Super Haste makes an appearance providing beneficial growth rewards and enhancements to hunting buffs everyday! Design your own Hashtag Chair in the Maple Hashtag event and. Accessory Crafting Meister Leveling Complete Guide (GMS v. Lidium / Widsom / Luck / Black / Dark ores. I wouldn't be surprised if nexon rigged the cubing system just. Want to get 18 meister cubes and 39 master craftsman cubes in a span of 2 hrs? This maplestory cube farming video will break down what I do on a weekly basis. It will be a long process though, alchemy is the most aids profession to level and maintain among the 3. Craftsman or higher Alchemy. Also KT ring is the same lvl as a meister ring so youu can't transfer from one to the other. Have fun and hope it helps!~. You gotta be level 11 or 12 alchemist to extract flames, you CAN'T use scroll extractors, and no other job can directly extract those too (i have a kanna meister accessory meister and zero smight meister) yet so far only kinesis with alchemy can extract flames (meister alchemist) yet not sure how this would apply to reboot. Players who have learned Mining and wish to pursue Accessory Crafting can talk to Intaglio in Ardentmill to become a Jeweler. Superior Abrasive x 50. I did the maths and you only need 50 total recipes to go from 10 to Master and then 31 from Master to Meister (+31 extra to craft a needed material) and each one of those has a 15 minute cooldown for duplicate recipes but there are a 5 options for Master and Meister to craft for their respective exp so if. Available from: This item can be obtained from The Master. you could substitute an event ring instead of kannas treasure/meister ring depending on if you have access to. MapleStory's big winter updates begin on November 16th with the Ignition update! Take advantage of the return of Burning World, but this time the bonuses will last until Lv. 700-900 mastery each item with 5-15 minutes cooldown. Leveling up Diligence increases your chances of having bonuses when using scrolls as well as receiving double craft mastery when you craft at a chance (excluding Level 10, Master Craftsman and Meister level mastery). Reupload since low volume. Health Potion (6000) x 50. The magnus shoulder will be better after you get a better ring and belt and no longer have the set effect. Keep in mind these symbols can all be done in parallel, and this is all. If anyone spots anything wrong with the information, or if a decent amount of people want me to put information on another item, feel free to say so in the comments. The more items you wear within the set, the more bonuses you get. Is just whether you have the materials or not. The Meister Earrings are used for transposing into SW earrings, but after the Gollux changes, it is better to transpose a Dominator Pendant into the SW Pendant, and use the Gollux earrings instead. After this change in KMS, this will no. Materials. 2014-02-10, 02:59 PM #4. A class like dark knight/phantom will have extremely inflated range while a class like night lord will have deflated range due to its 70% final damage buff in shadow partner that doesn't show up in stats. Just craft 2x a day in 12 hr windows. oMizeryMaple Reboot NA • 3 yr. So clicking herb person 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc keeps it. I decided to make a guide for professions because most guides that I've seen were outdat. Members Online •. At some point you’ll want a meister earring to transpose, so you’ll want that to be able to work on its flame stats. Insight increases as you mine. After all I don't intend to do anything crazy like soloing HLucid or anything. Reply replyAbout losing mastery as a meister. Craft IX if it does use juniper berry seed oil or hyossop flower oil. Attention Maplers, As noted in the Q1 2023 Roadmap post, MapleStory will be retiring the current set of Cubes with our February update, currently scheduled for February 8, 2023, and releasing a new slate of Cubes, utilizing a new Cube Fragment system, and allowing some Cubes to have a chance for. Simply put flames are another equipment upgrade system. Level 22 - Meister's Cube: Untradeable, 14-day duration; Level 25 - Epic Potential Scroll 50%: Untradeable, 14-day duration; Level 25 – Non-Reboot worlds: Special Bonus Potential Scroll: Untradeable, 14-day duration; Reboot world: Mysterious Meso Pouch (x100): Untradeable; Level 25 – Nodestone (x10): Untradeable, 14-day durationConsidering that cubes are more valuable the better profit from alchemy is having an extractor open in ardentmill ch1. 12 smithing mastery, aka smithing meister. . RED is a three-part update featuring a reorganization of Explorers, a new job and a new area. ago. Ah makes sense thank you!!Business, Economics, and Finance. Remember that superior gollux earring has 10 flat attack! A 17* meister ring is better than an event ring, but only with raw stats (most likely about a 40-50 stat increase and perhaps some attack, give or take), but is. You can transfer certain enhancements over from lower level to higher level equips if the 2 equips meet the requirements. Wonki - "We will implement permanent 2nd pendant slot if there is enough interest". Using your cubes on that until you get something quite good rather than letting them expire. 3. I'm on the reboot server, so I can't simply just buy ingredients. If you are at max fatigue you cannot do any Extracting, or Crafting. The Reddit community for MapleStory. Twisted Time x 700. Totally doable! I did accessory 1-meister in about a week, just follow a guide :) If u get lucky when doing ra or cra the guy that spawns sometimes sells profession coupon, it’s a free level in any profession up to lv 10 ofc. xSiena • Reboot • 8 yr. 5%. I will say that crafting meister rings helps to 22 a superior gollux and slime ring because people typically fodder 21* level 140 ring->superior and then 21* superior ring->slime ring. Meister/Master decay is one of the worst modern features and is horribly outdated. Master -> Meister. Hey I’m new to the maplestory world. Meister and 18 hours of no crafting, you lose 400 per hour. Each craft has a 5 minute cooldown. The Reddit community for MapleStory. For 17 hours after your latest craft which gains mastery, if you did you craft you lose 400 mastery per hour thereafter for above level 10, till you are at level 10, 0 mastery or when. Alchemy Craftsman/Meister is useful for recipe extraction, which helps you get enough grandmaster spell essences to fund the eternal need for whetstones for the smithing buff, as well as Meister Rings. Starting at 15, you won't believe what this BATTLE MAGE does to this ring OFF EVENT. I'll be updating this list (for my personal use as well) when I find out more information. You must craft something within 18 hours to reset the timer and get another 18 hours. Bro your a brainless human. This latest Lach bug is classic Nexon 101. Materials needed for Meister accessory crafting. Then you can transfer the potions into advanced potions into pills. This means that regardless, auto-steal will increase your meso rates. 2. If you two shot, each % of auto-steal. I don't specifically have the standard Abso/Faf/Snek Hat set because I'm running Faf/Tyrant/Meister but I can show you that a Scarlett Crossbow counts for both Meister and Fafnir. Suggestion are welcomed. 1. If you have 30% on all of your gear, that extra 30 stat will be like 150-180 stat. A 'perfected' piece for F2P would be 30% traced with 9% epic pot and 17*, the newtro sauna available now allows you to get to 15 star without protection. Maplestory Smithing Guide 2021 [GMS] **NOTE**: Crafting 2 master craftsman cubes to keep up with the meister rank is cheaper than crafting a meister. You need to craft at least one item that gives you exp per 17 hours if you don't want your meister to decay at all. I've edited my comment to make it clearerFor more details on Traits, see MapleStory/Traits. Alternatively, you can craft boss rush/advanced boss rush potions, both of which are very. Just became a meister in accessory crafting and don't have the materials to make the shoulder yet so I've gotta keep my meister rank til then. Just make sure to choose a proper main one. Only need a 17 star weapon to liberate. These apply mainly for Reboot, but these shouldn't vary too much for normal servers either besides some of the insanely p2w rings and stuff. The cooldown for using the profession UI's Ardentmill movement function will be changed from 30 to 5 minutes. Its entirely possible you can skip absolab but unless youre very serious about the game and are trying to get arcane weapon then its best to go for 5 set absolab (can be expensive though). 122. Meister Ring : REQ Level 140 REQ Job Any STR +5 DEX +5 INT +5 LUK +5 Max HP +200 Max MP +200 Weapon Attack +1 Magic Attack +1 Defense +150 Number of Upgrades 1 Tradability Non-Reboot Worlds: Tradable until equipped. Thats all I can say. Meister Cube works just like a much worse version of a RED Cube which. This is intended for Reboot players who have an excess of oils from Threads of Fate. I play a mm and not sure if…The Chu Chu Island symbol is the fastest to max, taking ~4. 129 MapleStory Wallpapers - Upscaled and Enhanced to 4K with Topaz Gigapixel AI. ago. Stage 10: Build. Thought you guys also might like to take a look. . Master & meister cubes in miracle time. Once our in-depth review has been completed, we’ll provide an update about our next planned actions to improve the accessibility of Cubes and Rebirth Flames. I think you would only choose one since you’d want to keep the Superior Gollux 4 set bonus. Master / Meister Cubes dropping from Ninja Castle Mobs), the bug is fixed within an hour after reporting. Piece of time you can probably sell them (they are primarily used to make ARK rings and such) and Twisted Time, if you're aiming to make the meister anything in the future, the number to save is 2100 for 3 pieces. Nowadays I just craft once a day and every so often go on a crafting spree to pump those numbers up. If you have boss dmg+dmg as 300, then the math looks like this: (4. AEST (UTC +10): Wednesday, June 28, 2023 6:00 PM - Wednesday, July 12, 2023 5:59 PM. 000 HP/MP which recipe drop from Pink Bean. Applies to regular too, secondaries are mostly 100% tradeable so always good to keep a spare. pusheen188 • 5 yr. 69. Nebulite --> Nebulite (slot)For alchemy recipes, if you are into selling buff potions or use them yourself, keep the one that gives +27 stats and above. Once our in-depth review has been completed, we’ll provide an update. 2. I probably missed something, so please let me know. After 17 hours have elapsed with no crafting, it'll decay slowly. Hi! I'm a returning player thats been doing root abyss but I don't know how that would help me getting instant level 10 profession. . MapleStory and any related images and content are copyrighted by Nexon. watch LeWaffles guide on YouTube! he talks about the most efficient ways to level up all 3 crafting professions :) but basically, craft mana and defense potions and then TURN THEM INTO PILLS instead of throwing them away or turning them into advanced mana/defense potions. 4 to lv. 93 votes, 10 comments. You get Reinforced ring/Kanna's Treasure/Solid Ring all to 17 Star. I'm guessing the function is disabled or something? (bugged?) Any of the rings that give you mastery should be good. Here's a summary of the important things you can do for yourself upon hitting level 150 in Reboot. 180 Meister Cubes x 50,000,000= 9 Bil (YOU MAKE OUT OF THIS COME!!!) 10. Travel through time, visiting Masteria’s past to learn about the rise and fall of Masteria, including the truth of Christopher Crimsonheart and his children, and the real reason Crimsonwood Keep was established!Monkey Magic - Cannon Shotter Skill. What are the flame rates for alchemy fusion? Comparing level 10 to meister. Now it punishes players for not playing frequently by undoing their. Step 2: Fill in your equipment setup. First, make sure to use high- quality materials – the better the quality, the longer your meister ring will last. That's about about a 17-25% chance of any Cubes dropping without any extra %Drop then, maybe closer to 20% in actuality. g. ago. You could make rings all the way to lv10 or even mastercraftsmen if you have enough black/dark crystals to spare. Black Crystals x60. No need to spend too much time farming for level 100-110 drops, you likely already have a lot of unused Diamonds lying around if you have been diligent about mining heart crystal veins. Do whatever other event activity is available. I make hyper rings because they don't take all that much to throw together. I can understand multiple reasons why it exists. Philosopher's Stone x 35. 1-0. You will need a lot of advanced item crystals when going for Master Craftsman / Meister. CryptoGo to Maplestory r/Maplestory. . Dream Fragments are used in Meister Smithing. The other professions have different effects. For Reboot, it's mainly for the Meister Accessories and Meister Potions. Yeah you lose 10% boss or 10% ied until you're fully switched, but the sheer stat difference is worth it. But nowadays there are enough good rings that you don’t need to bother. Introduction. Aside from that, gold heart recipe can be bought from Gollux I think. Honorable Mention - Meister Smithing Whetstone Buff: If you have access to this +5% Critical Damage buff, it can be combined with a High Tier potion, but you cannot add a Mid Tier potion as. Once selection is complete, close the window and scroll down for the calculated values. Chapter 2 Fuse a Lv. Op · 4y. The Reddit community for MapleStory. Meister smithing gives you 4 crit dmg. The items in bold require a physical recipe to be crafted. It’s pretty standard for bossing but people are. Professions. 9608%. Long answer: you grind and farm meso, hope for cubes and other valuable boss drops you can sell for meso to then either trade for maple points to buy cubes from the cash shop or buy the equips directly from the auction house. 4. Ill try to keep it short as I'm not really a thread opener. First, these SIX sources should be mined or harvested on sight, every time: These are your main sources of materials. Accessory crafting is useful for Meister Rings and also 130 Pendant/Face Accessories which are useful for transfering into a potential 1 tap. In case you guys want a bit more information:Links~Discord: ring just happens to be easy to get and high enough level for decent flame/potential as well. ago. The Phantom Forest is a sprawling maze and the Valley of Heroes jump quest makes its return. do that all the way til master craftsman. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. If it gives a higher range, then keep using it. i’m meister level now and so my question is: does the meister decay only occur while. Level 1 - 4 | Level 5 - 8 | 9 - Meister The items in bold require a physical recipe to be crafted. Get rid of. I wanna make some slot bags for herbs and minerals but I need to to get to master craftsman/ meister level. For the most part you want at least:Best way to level alchemy, smithing, or acc crafting from level 10 to meister? I found best way to level alchemy to level 10 is fusing blue headbands. Hold and sell Damage Skin. You can craft two stones and use it for a crit dmg buff. Sure everyones opinion is anectodal, but based on the 1000's of cubes used between my alliance and myself this is the most efficient use of your money: rare->epic - Master. MC cubes for Meister isn't expensive provided Cubics are cheap enough. Meister/Master decay is one of the worst modern features and is horribly outdated. Alchemy is a lot easier. So you need to craft daily to maintain your rank. I got all three professions to Meister level before. Is it worth going back to Meister, considering the Sixth Star chapter 2 challenge? If you plan on hitting it for the Chapter 2 challenge, then yes, it'll be worth hitting Meister (on one profession) then keeping at Meister until the. Afterwards, tradable with Platinum Scissors of Karma Reboot World: UntradableSuperior Gollux Ring 21 * (22 Meister ring transfer hammered onto Superior) Meister Ring 22 *. Keep Confusion Frags for high level crafting like Meister, if you have em'. 2%). Lidium / Widsom / Luck / Black / Dark ores. Been doing it for 3 months and not a single one. also, most stat-boosting potions have a reinforced version that uses some refined ore. Note: my method use a lot lof black ore, black herb. Is it worth going back to Meister, considering the Sixth Star chapter 2 challenge? If you plan on hitting it for the Chapter 2 challenge, then yes, it'll be worth hitting Meister (on one profession) then keeping at Meister until the. At the master/meister level you can make scroll extractors with limited materials and can easily rack up 10 million mesos on the weekend just running it for 8 to 10 hours while you're asleep and charging 50k to 100k. 0. It's not like you're going to maintain all of them at Master Craftsman/Meister and if you do that's generally a huge waste of resources. yes, meister ring is worth to craft as an extra fodder to go for 22* superior ring. ago. Stack up philo stones, you will need them for both Meister crafting and the crafting to get to Meister. Maple Administrator. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. 4. This means it will do 720% damage (of your damage range). At level 10 make black crystal/dark crystal rings/face until 11 and 11 to Meister just buy level 70 equips in leafre and extract for intermediate crystals then make gray face acessorys and then make the Meister versions. subscribers . xSiena • Reboot • 8 yr. I read from somewhere the Meister master rank won't drop? Is not true? If it's not, how many mastery you need to get each day to maintain the meister master?. it is probably a low drop chance though so keep that in mind. It’s a BiS ring that’s “easy” to replace if you boom it. Thank you. Cubes are based on a True Random Number Generator. Well I do other weeklies too and at this point weeklies are my only income because I’d rather play other games. On the other hand ive never seen a primal essence drop ever in my 10 years of playing and it dosent seem practical to bother crafting them or spend 10b+ on materials but then again Meister ring is. CryptoThe real question is why you want that, you can use the zak face and eye accesory until 160 and then do cpq to get the end game (or late game at least) accesories. So if you let your Meister level drop down, it would go to master craftsman and you'd only need to do steps 2 and 3 in my first comment. As someone who sharpens knives with whet stones IRL this is a pretty neat skill description. - When adding pendants, the first item selected will be added to the regular Pendant slot. 7619%. Level 9. Mid-level stuff can be used to Smith LV70+ gear to use as Potential transfer vessels since NPCs don't sell gear that level. 7 months to fully enhance it from daily missions; The Lachelein symbol is a middle ground, taking ~6. Music Player. Any ores needed to mass-craft arrows for leveling up smithing. They serve no other purpose. So a skill might attack an enemy 6 times for 120% each attack. Maintain through cubes or ingredients. Picture and Name. if you have event rings that gave +40 all stats and +25 atk/matk its an equivalent to 17* regular. to keep it up, you need to never let it drop below the experience to reach that certain level, just craft a few things every. ago. You can invite to your house anytime. Master Craftman’s Cubes: 9,325 samples. Extract and transfer a mount skill already registered on a character to another one of your characters within the same world. The content is split into multiple Acts, with Acts 1 and 2 available next week, and Acts 3 and 4 coming later this spring. This guide will explain all about the Accessory. There are many types of scrolls, the most common of them being the spell trace. I make hyper rings because they don't take all that much to throw together. You need to do this daily else you will overwrite it and need to keep Rolling until you get it. This may help in your discussions on whether or not we should receive 25 stars. Here's the description in MSEA: Craftsmen: Lv.